VIETNAM HISTORY SUMMARY THROUGH THE AGES

People have to know our VIETNAM HISTORY

For the corner wall to accumulate the country of Vietnam”

(Ho Chi Minh)

The Vietnamese people are always proud of the nation’s history of more than 4000 years of building and defending the country. However, today’s younger generation is mostly superficial about their own history. Typically, in the 2011 university entrance exam, there were thousands of history exams with zero marks. This is an alarm signal for the education industry in general and the teaching and learning of this subject in particular. Today’s young people are mostly influenced by the “culture wave” more or less especially from China. This is not a bad thing, but a Vietnamese who knows Chinese history better than Vietnamese history is a matter of serious consideration and thought. For the convenience of learning and searching, I would like to briefly introduce the VIETNAM HISTORY .

Timeline about the VIETNAM HISTORY

Prehistoric 

• Paleolithic : people lived hundreds of thousands of years ago in the territory of Vietnam
• Neolithic Age : about 5700-15000 years ago, typical with Hoa Binh culture and Bac Son with wet rice civilization.
• Bronze-Stone Age : about 3500-4000 years ago, typical with Phung Nguyen culture.
• Bronze Age : about 3000 years ago, typical with Dong Dau culture, Go Mun culture.
• Iron Age : about 1200 BC, typical with Dong Son, Sa Huynh, Oc Eo cultures.

Hong Bang period (2879 BC – 208 BC) 

• Van Lang State: after the “federal” period disintegrated, around the 7th century BC, the Lac Viet people living in North Vietnam have now built their own state. It was the Van Lang state, ruled by the Hung kings and stationed in Phong Chau (present-day Phu Tho).
• Thuc Dynasty (257 BC – 208 BC) : Around the 3rd century BC, Thuc Phan was the leader of the Au Lac tribe and joined the 18th Hung King to defeat the invading army of the Qin Dynasty. King Hung ceded the throne to Thuc Phan, merging the territories of two countries Au Viet and Lac Viet into Au Lac. Thuc Phan ascended the throne, took the title An Duong Vuong, founded the Thuc dynasty, and established the capital in Co Loa. VIETNAM HISTORY

Northern Dynasty I (208 BC – 39) 

• Trieu Dynasty (208 BC – 111 BC): Trieu Da was an officer of Nam Hai district (now Guangdong) when the Qin dynasty weakened, he moved to Nam Hai district, then brought his troops to annex the territories of Au Lac, Man Viet and Guilin district established the Trieu Dynasty, named the country Nam Viet, the capital was Phien Ngung, claiming to be on par with the Han Dynasty in China. Despite being a foreign king, Trieu Da sided with the Vietnamese people in the war against the Han Dynasty.

• Belonging to Han (111 BC – 39): In 111 BC, Emperor Wu sent more than 100,000 troops to annex Nam Viet. The Han Dynasty divided Nam Viet into 9 districts including Dam Er, Chu Nhai (Hainan Island, China today), Nam Hai, Hoppu, Uat Lam, and Cang Wu (all belonging to Guangdong, Guangxi, China today. present day), Giao Chi (Northern Vietnam, present day Vietnam), Cuu Chan (Thanh Hoa-Nghe Tinh, present day Vietnam), Nhat Nam (Quang Binh-Quang Nam, Vietnam today). They have ruled our people with a brutal and harsh policy.

Trung Queen (40 – 43) 

This is a typical uprising in this period under the leadership of two sisters, Trung Trac and Trung Nhi. Within 3 years under their leadership, our army captured 65 strongholds in Giao Chi, Cuu Chan, Nhat Nam, and Hop Pho districts. Then the Han Dynasty sent General Ma Vien to suppress the uprising. Due to the isolation and the unfinished army, the two women could not resist Ma Vien’s army and sacrificed themselves in the Hat River to keep the weather intact.

The Second Northern Period (43 – 543) 

Experiencing dynasties such as Eastern Han, Eastern Wu, Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang. Typically during this period, there was the uprising of Mrs. Trieu in 248 against Dong Ngo, the uprising of the brothers Ly Truong Nhan – Ly Thuc Hien from 468 to 485 against the Luu Tong and Nam Te dynasties.

Former Ly Dynasty (544-602) 

In 542, Ly Bi revolted and defeated the Luong Dynasty.

• Ly Nam De (544-548) : After defeating the Luong army three times in the spring of 544, Ly Bi proclaimed Emperor Ly Nam De, naming the country Van Xuan.

• Trieu Viet Vuong (548-571) : In 545, the Luong dynasty sent troops to fight Van Xuan country, Ly Nam De continuously lost the battle, so he withdrew to Khuat Lao cave and gave the military power to Trieu Quang Phuc. In 548, he fell seriously ill and died, Trieu Quang Phuc took the title of Trieu Viet Vuong, continuing to lead the people to fight against the Luong Dynasty. At the end of 550, Trieu Quang Phuc defeated the Luong army and restored the country of Van Xuan.

• Ly Phat Tu (571-602) : in 546 when Ly Nam De lost the battle and had to withdraw his army to Khuat Lao cave, Ly Nam De’s brother Ly Thien Bao and general Ly Phat Tu brought 30,000 troops to fight Duc Chau. Here, Ly Thien Bao called himself Dao Lang Vuong and named the country Da Nang. Dao Lang Vuong died, everyone honored Ly Phat Tu instead.Ly Phat Tu pulled his army to Van Xuan to wage war against Trieu Quang Phuc. In 571, Ly Phat Tu defeated Trieu Quang Phuc, claiming to be Nam De (so history books call it Later Ly Nam De). VIETNAM HISTORY

Northern Domination Period III (602 – 905) 

In 581 in China, the Sui Dynasty was established. In 602, King Sui brought his army to attack our country. Ly Phat Tu begged for surrender, our country fell into the hands of the northern foreigner again. After that, the Tang Dynasty replaced the Sui Dynasty to rule our country.

• Mai Hac De (713-722) : In 713, Mai Thuc Loan led the insurgent army in Hoan Chau against the domination of the Tang Dynasty and won victory. He ascended the throne, claiming to be Mai Hac De. In 722, the Tang Dynasty sent 100,000 troops to attack our country. After many fierce battles, Mai Hac De lost the battle, he withdrew into the forest, fell seriously ill and died. Legend has it that his third son, Mai Thuc Huy, took the title of Mai Thieu De and continued to fight the Tang army until 723, when it disbanded. Our country fell into the hands of the Tang Dynasty. VIETNAM HISTORY

During this period, there were many peasant uprisings, typically: Phung Hung uprising (766-791), Duong Thanh uprising (819-820).

The period of independence and autonomy (905 – 938) 

• Khuc Thua Du (905-907) : In 905 Khuc Thua Du revolted to seize power, claiming to be Xuet Do Su. The Tang Dynasty had no choice but to recognize the autonomy of the Vietnamese.

• Khuc Hao (907-917) : In 907, Khuc Thua Du died, and his son Khuc Hao took over.

• Khuc Thua My (917-930) : In 917, Khuc Thua My was the son of Khuc Hao, who replaced his father to hold the position of Tue Do Su. At this time, the Northern government was very chaotic, forming the situation of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. In 930, the Southern Han army brought troops to fight our country, Khuc Thua My could not resist the enemy’s strength, was captured and brought back to Phien Ning.

• Duong Dinh Nghe (931-938) : in 931 Duong Dinh Nghe, an old general of Khuc Hao, captured Giao Chau and defeated the reinforcements of Nam Han to regain the government. After defeating the enemy, he called himself Tiet Do Su and continued to build our country’s autonomy. VIETNAM HISTORY

Ngo Dynasty (939 – 965) 

• Ngo Vuong (939-944) : In 938 Duong Dinh Nghe was killed by Kieu Cong Tien to seize power. Duong Dinh Nghe’s son-in-law, Ngo Quyen, launched an army to punish him. Kieu Cong Tien ran to ask for help with Nam Han. In 938, the Southern Han pulled troops to our country. At this time, Ngo Quyen defeated Kieu Cong Tien and arranged a waiting battlefield. When the Southern Han army reached the mouth of the Bach Dang river, they were beaten up by our troops and had to flee back to the country. In 939, Ngo Quyen proclaimed himself king.

• Duong Binh Vuong (944-950) : In 944, Ngo Quyen died, entrusting his eldest son, Ngo Xuong Ngan, to his brother-in-law Duong Tam Kha. Kha usurped the throne and proclaimed himself Duong Binh Vuong. Duong Tam Kha adopted Ngo Quyen’s second son, Ngo Xuong Van, with the intention of passing the throne back to the Ngo family.

• Later Ngo Vuong (944-965) : In 950 Duong Tam Kha sent Ngo Xuong Van to fight rebellion in Thai Binh. Xuong Van brought his army to fight back to Duong Tam Kha to regain power, but he did not kill Duong Tam Kha but only brought him down to be Chuong Duong Cong. He proclaimed himself Nam Tan Vuong and sent his brother Ngo Xuong Ngan to return. Xuong Ngan is a lowly person who, after returning to trust himself to be the leader, also claims to be Thien Sach Vuong. At that time, the country had two kings who ruled together. Xuong Ngan was autocratic, did not allow Xuong Van to participate in politics and intended to eliminate Xuong Van, but the work was not done until 954 Xuong Ngan became seriously ill and died. In 965, when bringing troops to quell the rebellion in Thai Binh, Xuong Van was killed by a crossbow. The son of Xuong Ngan, Ngo Xuong Xi, took over, but the power was weak. The country at that time formed 12 ambassadors. VIETNAM HISTORY

Dinh Dynasty (968 – 980) 

• Dinh Tien Hoang (968-979) : in 968 Van Thang Vuong Dinh Bo Linh finished the rebellion of 12 warlords. He proclaimed himself emperor Dinh Tien Hoang, named the country Dai Co Viet, and established the capital in Hoa Lu.

• Dinh Pho De (979-980) : in 979 Dinh Tien Hoang and his eldest son Dinh Lien were murdered. The second son, Dinh Toan, took over, ie Dinh Pho De. At that time, Dinh Toan was only 6 years old, so all power was concentrated in the regent, the tenth general Le Hoan.

Former Le Dynasty (980 – 1009) 

• Le Dai Hanh (980-1005) : At that time, the Song Dynasty heard that Dinh Tien Hoang had died, so they sent troops to invade our country. With the support of Empress Dowager Duong Van Nga, courtiers honored Le Hoan to the throne, ie Dai Hanh Emperor. With his talent, he led the army to defeat the Song invaders. He was a man with great merit in the work of “Anti-Tong, Binh Chiem” to keep the land in peace.

• Le Trung Tong (1005) : after Le Dai Hanh’s death, the children competed for the throne, leading to mutual destruction. Le Long Viet, after defeating Long Ngan, was crowned emperor, ie Le Trung Tong. But only 3 days later, his brother Le Long Dinh sent someone to assassinate.

• Le Ngoa Trieu (1005-1009) : after killing his brother Le Long Viet. Le Long Dinh ascended the throne, ie Le Ngoa Trieu. He is noted by history books as lustful, brutal and cruel. Due to debauchery, Long Dinh was seriously ill and died in 1009, ending the pre-Le dynasty. VIETNAM HISTORY

Ly Dynasty (1009 – 1225) 

• Ly Thai To (1009-1028) : In 1009 Le Long Dinh died, under the support of the post-Chief official Dao Cam Moc and monk Van Hanh, the courtiers honored the Ta bodyguard, the former commander of the envoy Ly Cong Uan. Emperor, ie Ly Thai To. He moved the capital to Thang Long and named it Thuan Thien.

• Ly Thai Tong (1028-1054) : in 1028 Ly Thai To died, Crown Prince Ly Phat Ma under the support of Vu Wei General Le Phung Hieu defeated the rebellion of the Three Kings and ascended the throne, ie Ly Thai Tong. . He was a talented and benevolent king, having great merit in fighting Champa and then fighting Ai Lao to expand his territory to the South.

• Ly Thanh Tong (1054-1072) : In 1054 Ly Thai Tong died, Crown Prince Ly Nhat Ton succeeded to the throne, ie Ly Thanh Tong. He was an outstandingly talented king, with a benevolent benevolence. Inside he stabilized the situation, outside he focused on expanding the territory. He had great merit in “breaking the Song and pacifying Chiem”.

• Ly Nhan Tong (1072-1127) : In 1072 Ly Thai Tong died. Crown Prince Ly Can Duc ascended the throne when he was only 7 years old, ie Ly Nhan Tong. He was considered a wise man of the Ly dynasty. Thanks to the help of Thai Phi Ỷ Lan as Regent, along with the support of Thai monk Ly Dao Thanh and Father Thai Lieutenant Ly Thuong Kiet, Dai Viet became a powerful empire with 2 battles. After defeating the invasion of the Song army, the country developed to its peak. He is also considered the one who laid the foundation for higher education in our country.

• Ly Than Tong (1127-1137) : In 1127 Ly Nhan Tong died, his son was crowned Prince Ly Duong Hoan, ie Ly Than Tong. During his reign, he defeated Chan Lap and Chiem Thanh, forcing these two countries to come to pay tribute. He is also the king associated with the human anecdote “King turned tiger”. Legend has it that he is the incarnation of Zen master Tu Dao Hanh.

• Ly Anh Tong (1138-1175) : In 1138, King Ly Than Tong died, the second son was crowned Prince Ly Thien To, ie Ly Anh Tong. Because the king ascended to the throne at a young age, Thai lieutenant regent Do Anh Vu held all power, his mother, Mrs. Le Thi Lai, communicated with Vu. In 1158 Do Anh Vu died, King Anh Tong now respects the sages such as To Hien Thanh, Hoang Nghia Hien, and Ly Cong Tin. These sages helped the king fight the East, clear the North, and keep the land and prosperity of previous kings.

• Ly Cao Tong (1175-1210) : In 1175, King Ly Anh Tong died, the second son, Crown Prince Ly Long Can, was supported by Father To Hien Thanh to succeed the throne, ie Ly Cao Tong. The king is a person inside who likes to drink, play, hunt outside, like money, build palaces. After To Hien Thanh died, it was chaos, wars revolted everywhere, people complained and foreign invaders lurked.

• Ly Hue Tong (1210-1224) : In 1210 Ly Cao Tong died, his son was crowned Prince Ly Sam, ie Ly Hue Tong. Ly Hue Tong ascended the throne while the country was in turmoil caused by his father Cao Tong. He had to rely on the Tran family to maintain his throne. At this time, the power of the Tran family is very strong. Tran Thi Dung is the queen, he is Tran Tu Khanh is the Vice-Chinh Thai Lieutenant, and Tran Thua is the judge of the inner court. On the surface, Hue Tong used the surname Tran, but inside, he saw the picture of the god and was always looking for ways to destroy it. But due to his incompetence, he had to “reluctantly disobey” to look at the unruly authority. He was angry to the point of madness.

• Ly Chieu Hoang (1224-1225) : in 1223 Tran Tu Khanh died, power fell into the hands of Tu Khanh’s cousin, Tran Thu Do. In 1224, Tran Thu Do forced King Hue Tong to become a monk to cede the throne to his young daughter, Ly Chieu Hoang, who was 7 years old at the time. Under the direction of Tran Thu Do, Ly Chieu Hoang married Tran Canh, a cousin of Tran Thu Do. On October 21, the year of the Rooster (November 22, 1225), Ly Chieu Hoang issued a decree to cede the throne to Tran Canh. On December 1 of the same year (December 31, 1225), Chieu Hoang officially removed his royal robes and invited Tran Canh to become emperor, ending 216 years with 11 reigns of the Ly dynasty and ushering in the Tran dynasty. VIETNAM HISTORY

Tran Dynasty (1225 – 1400) 

• Tran Thai Tong (1225-1258) : At this time, due to the weakening of the Ly dynasty, power was concentrated in the hands of the Tran family. It was the direction of Tran Thu Do that brought Tran Canh to the throne, opening the Tran dynasty. While in office, he led the people against the 1st invasion of the Mongols.

• Tran Thanh Tong (1258-1278) : in 1258 King Thai Tong ceded the throne to his son Tran Hoang, ie Tran Thanh Tong, to become Thai Thuong Hoang. He is a kind and gentle king. He and Tran Nhan Tong defeated the invading Nguyen Mong army twice during his time as Thai Thuong Hoang.

• Tran Nhan Tong (1278-1293) : In 1278, King Thanh Tong ceded the throne to his son Tran Kham, ie Tran Nhan Tong, while he retired to become Thai Thuong Hoang and studied Buddhism. After ceding the throne to his son, he became Thai Thuong Hoang, focusing on studying Buddhism. After that, he became a monk and became the first patriarch of the Truc Lam Yen Tu Zen sect.

• Tran Anh Tong (1293-1314) : in 1293, after defeating the invaders of Nguyen Mong, King Nhan Tong returned to the throne as Thai Thuong Hoang, ceding the throne to his son Tran Thuyen, ie Tran Anh Tong. He is also a virtuous and wise king. The country at that time was a gentle and loyal king, so it continued to develop and prosper.

• Tran Minh Tong (1314-1329) : In 1314, King Anh Tong ceded the throne to his son, Tran Manh, ie Tran Minh Tong, retired as Thai Thuong Hoang. He continued the tradition of the ancestors, respected the scholar, so the country had many talented people to help.

• Tran Hien Tong (1329-1341) : In 1329 Tran Minh Tong retired as Thai Thuong Hoang, ceding the throne to his second son, Tran Vuong, ie Tran Hien Tong. He is considered a king “taken for” because the real power is held by Thai Thuong Hoang Minh Tong.

• Tran Du Tong (1341-1369) : In 1341, King Hien Tong died without having an heir, so Thai Thuong Hoang Minh Tong established his 10th son, Hien Tong’s brother Tran Hao as king, ie Tran Du Tong. . Because Thai Thuong Hoang took care of everything from the inside out, King Du Tong only knew how to play and enjoy. In 1357, when Emperor Minh Tong died, the country began to fall, and the gods raged.

• Tran Nghe Tong (1370-1372) : In 1369 Du Tong died, because he had no children, the king established Nhat Le as king. Nhat Le is an alien who does not have the surname Tran, the stepchild of Tran Nguyen Duc’s wife – a brother of Du Tong. Nhat Le is less talented and less virtuous, but intends to change to his family name Duong, so it makes the courtiers extremely disgruntled. Tran Phu is Du Tong’s brother who conspired to depose Nhat Le to ascend to the throne, ie Tran Nghe Tong. The king who reverently and concurrently had a wish was abundant, but decisive and resolute was not enough, so the internal troubles were calmed down, but the outside enemy, the Chiem Thanh enemy raged unruly.

• Tran Due Tong (1372-1377) : In 1372, Nghe Tong ceded the throne to his younger brother, Tran Kinh, ie Due Tong, then retired as Thai Thuong Hoang. Due Tong is a talented person with a conceited personality. During this time, the Chiem Thanh invaders often invaded and robbed the border.

• Tran Pho De (1377-1388) : In 1377, King Due Tong personally led 120,000 troops to attack Champa. Due to his contempt for the enemy, the king fell into an ambush trap and died in battle. Thai Thuong Emperor Nghe Tong mourned, so he made Tran Hien, the son of King Due Tong, emperor, ie Tran Phe De. At this time, the Ho family’s power was very strong, outside the South there was the enemy of Chiem Thanh, in the North there was the enemy of the Ming Dynasty.

• Tran Thuan Tong (1388-1398) : Because Emperor Pho knew about Ho Quy Ly’s ambition, he silently sought to eliminate it. Quy Ly found out and was unlucky with Thuong Hoang Nghe Tong. Nghe Tong listened to the order to abolish Emperor Pho and put his youngest son, Tran Ngung, on the throne, ie Tran Thuan Tong. Thuan Tong was young and weak, so all power was concentrated in the hands of Ho Quy Ly. After killing the King of Champa, Che Bong Nga, the southern front seemed to be okay, but the inner turmoil seemed to be getting more and more chaotic.

• Tran Thieu De (1398-1400) : In 1398, Ho Quy Ly forced King Thuan Tong to cede the throne to his 2-year-old son, Tran An, ie Thieu De. The Ho family also forced Thuan Tong to become a monk and sent followers to assassinate him. Emperor Thieu was too young, so the Ho family from then on reigned in the court. Thieu De was on the throne for 1 year when his grandfather Ho Quy Ly usurped the throne, ending 175 years of Tran dynasty rule. VIETNAM HISTORY

 Ho Dynasty (1400 – 1407) 

• Ho Quy Ly (1400-1401) : In 1400, Ho Quy Ly usurped the throne of his grandson, Tran Thieu De, founded the Ho Dynasty and named the country Dai Ngu.

Later Tran Dynasty (1407 – 1409) 

• Emperor Gian Dinh (1407-1409) : In 1407, after the Ming army conquered Dai Ngu, the Ho Dynasty, Tran Ngo, the son of King Nghe Tong, fled to Mo Do, Truong Yen. Here he proclaimed himself king, ie Emperor Jian Ding, and led the army to recapture the land from the Ming Dynasty, restoring the Tran dynasty.

• Trung Quang De (1409 – 1413) : In 1409, the internal Tran Dynasty gradually divided. Some disgruntled generals left and welcomed Tran Quy Khoang, Nghe Tong’s grandson, to Nghe An as king, ie Trung Quang De. After that, Emperor Trung Quang ordered his army to attack Gian Dinh De and bring him back to become Thai Thuong Hoang. VIETNAM HISTORY

The Fourth Northern Domination Period (1413 – 1428) 

The war between the Tran Dynasty and the invading Ming army took place very fiercely. Finally, due to the fragile force, in 1413 the Ming army counterattacked and defeated the Tran army. My king of the Tran Dynasty were all arrested and committed suicide to keep the weather. Our country fell into the hands of the Ming Dynasty. VIETNAM HISTORY

Later Le – Le So Dynasty (1428 – 1527) 

• Le Thai To (1428 – 1433) : In 1428, Le Loi gathered heroic heroes, waved the flag of rebellion, called Lam Son Uprising. He also called himself Binh Dinh Vuong, calling on the people to stand up against the Ming invaders to save the country. In 1427, he led the army to defeat 150,000 reinforcements and cut Lieu Thang to death. In 1428 he became emperor, ie Le Thai To.

• Le Thai Tong (1433 – 1442) : In 1433, King Le Thai To died, his second son, Crown Prince Le Nguyen Long, succeeded to the throne when he was 11 years old. From a young age, he proved to be a wise and wise king, capable of foresight, although at a young age, he personally held the consul. However, he was also a filial, affectionate king, and the tragedy was that his death left a big question in history, the case of Le Chi Vien.

• Le Nhan Tong (1442 – 1459) : in 1442, King Le Thai Tong died mysteriously in Le Chi Vien, crown prince Le Bang Co ascended the throne, ie Le Nhan Tong, the queen mother was Nguyen Thi Anh regent. He is a benevolent, charitable king who treats his servants and is filial

Queen Mother, I love you. His identity is still a mystery. Legend has it that he is not the son of King Thai Tong. Before his mother entered the palace, she was pregnant with a man named Le Bang Son. That is also the reason why he was assassinated by his brother Le Nghi Dan.

• Le Thanh Tong (1460 – 1497): after killing King Nhan Tong, Nghi Dan ascended the throne, reigned for 8 months, but history books do not recognize Nghi Dan’s throne. In 1460, the main pillars revolted, overthrew Nghi Dan and brought the fourth son of King Thai Tong, Le Tu Thanh, to the throne, ie Le Thanh Tong. He was a wise man and the king who brought Dai Viet to its heyday. Inside, he focused on education and used talents. Outside, he focused on expanding his territory. During this period with his advance west and south, Dai Viet extended the southern bank down to Quang Nam. Neighboring countries such as Champa, Ai Lao, Chan Lap, Lan Xang, Chiang Mai, Melaka (in present-day Malaysia), Java (in present-day Indonesia) all became vassals and were obliged to pay tribute to Dai Viet.

• Le Hien Tong (1497 – 1504) : In 1947, King Thanh Tong died, his eldest son, Le Tranh, succeeded him, ie Le Hien Tong. He was an intelligent, benevolent and peaceful king, so he kept the prosperity and peace, the world was at peace.
• Le Tuc Tong (1504) : In 1504 Le Hien Tong died of a serious illness, his son Le Thuan ascended the throne, ie Le Tuc Tong. He was a gentle, studious king with a gentle body, but unfortunately only stayed on the throne for 6 months.

• Le Uy Muc (1505 – 1509) : At the end of 1504, King Le Tuc Tong died. According to the deposit of King Tuc Tong, his brother Le Tuan succeeded him, ie Le Uy Muc. Uy Mu is a depraved playboy, passionate about wine, brutally killed many loyalists, making his subjects angry.

• Le Tuong Duc (1509 – 1516) : In 1509, Le Oanh, the grandson of King Thanh Tong, rebelled against Dong Kinh (Hanoi), captured and killed Le Uy Muc. Then Oanh became king, ie Le Tuong Duc. At first, the king also took care of the country’s affairs, but after playing indiscriminately, the court was confused and rebellious everywhere.

• Le Chieu Tong (1516 – 1522) : In 1516 Trinh Duy San killed King Tuong Duc, establishing Tuong Duc’s brother Le Y as king, ie Le Chieu Tong. At this time, the authorities of the Tran, Trinh, and Mac families were rampant and revolted everywhere.

• Le Cung Hoang (1552 – 1527) : In 1522 before the rebellious god Mac Dang Dung, King Chieu Tong had to flee. Dung immediately established Chieu Tong’s younger brother Le Xuan to the throne, ie Le Cung Hoang. In 1526 Mac Dang Dung killed Chieu Tong, half a year later they forced Cung Hoang to cede the throne and immortalize death. From here on, the Le dynasty only existed in name, no longer had real power. The country is dividing into North and South dynasties. VIETNAM HISTORY

Later Le Dynasty/ South – North dynasties 

In 1527 Mac Dang Dung robbed the Le house and established the Mac dynasty (Northern dynasty). In 1533, Nguyen Kim did not submit to the Mac dynasty, so he went to Thanh Hoa to welcome Le Duy Ninh to become emperor, ie Le Trang Tong (Southern Trieu). The war of the North and South dynasties lasted until 1592, when Trinh Tung captured Thang Long, ending the period of the North and South dynasties. VIETNAM HISTORY

Northern Dynasty 

• Mac Dang Dung (1527 – 1529) : after usurping the throne of the Royal Palace, Mac Dang Dung proclaimed himself emperor, ie Mac Thai To. Occupied in the North, so it was called North Korea.

• Mac Dang Doanh (1529 – 1540) : In 1529 Mac Dang Dung ceded the throne to his eldest son, Mac Dang Doanh, ie Mac Thai Tong, to become Thai Thuong Hoang. Dang Doanh is considered a king with literary talent. During the time he ruled the North, the people were well off, and the northern invaders did not dare to encroach on them.

• Mac Toan (1592 – 1593) : In 1592 before the stormy attack of the Southern Dynasty, Mac Mau Hop ceded the throne to his son Mac Toan, while he himself went to battle. But the power of the Southern Dynasty was very strong, so it was only in 1593 that the Le – Trinh troops captured and killed Mac Toan, ending the Southern – Northern dynasties and ushering in another schizophrenic period. of Dai Viet (King Le – Lord Trinh). Some remnants of the Mac dynasty withdrew to Cao Bang and still opposed the Le – Trinh dynasties until they were all destroyed in 1677). VIETNAM HISTORY

Southern Dynasty 

• Le Trang Tong (1533 – 1548) : In 1533, the former god of the Later Le Dynasty, Nguyen Kim, did not submit to the Mac Dynasty, so he went to Thanh Hoa to establish a force and then welcomed Le Duy Ninh to establish himself as emperor, ie Le Trang Tong, revived. Le house. History books say that Trang Tong was the son of King Chieu Tong (?) but there are other thoughts that say Trang Tong was the stepchild of Nguyen Kim (?).

• Le Trung Tong (1548 – 1556) : In 1548 King Trang Tong died, his son Le Duy Huyen ascended the throne, ie Le Trung Tong.

• Le Anh Tong (1556 – 1573) : In 1556, King Trung Tong died without any descendants, so Trinh Kiem’s ​​main assistant chose Le Duy Bang to take the throne, ie Le Anh Tong. At this time, the power of the Trinh family was very great, King Anh Tong saw the danger of the god, so he silently eliminated it, but the plan failed.

• Le The Tong (1573 – 1599) : When the plan to remove the power of the Trinh family failed, King Le Anh Tong had to flee and was later murdered. Trinh Tung brought Anh Tong’s young son Le Duy Dam to the throne, ie Le The Tong. VIETNAM HISTORY

Later Le Dynasty (1593 – 1778) / Outside – Inside 

In 1545, after Nguyen Kim was poisoned to death, power fell into the hands of his son-in-law Trinh Kiem. In order to maintain his military power, Trinh Kiem removed his wife’s brothers. Trinh Kiem’s ​​brother-in-law Nguyen Hoang was afraid of being murdered, so he asked to go to the South to defend Thuan Hoa (from Quang Tri to Thua Thien-Hue today). In 1592, after Trinh Tung, son of Trinh Kiem, overthrew the Mac dynasty, power was concentrated in the hands of the Trinh family. At this time, Trinh Tung began to “think” of his uncle in the South, Nguyen Hoang.VIETNAM HISTORY

Le Trung Hung 

Trinh lords in Tonkin 

• Binh An Vuong – Trinh Tung (1623 – 1652) : Trinh Tung was the second son of Trinh Kiem, who had the merit of overthrowing the Mac dynasty and regaining the government for the Le. He is considered the first Trinh lord in Vietnamese history. He was also the person who ended the North-South dynasties and ushered in the Trinh-Nguyen conflict.

• Thanh Do Vuong – Trinh Trang (1623 – 1652) : In 1623 Trinh Tung fell seriously ill and died, his son Trinh Trang took over. He sent troops to fight against Lord Nguyen in Dang Trong 4 times, but only failed, so he had to withdraw.

• Tay Do Vuong – Trinh Tac (1653 – 1682) : In 1653, Trinh Trang appointed Trinh Tac as Tay Do Vuong. In 1657, Lord Nguyen led his army across the Gianh River to attack Bac Bo Chinh and capture 7 Nam Ha districts. During the tough war, Trinh Trang died, and his son Trinh Tac took over. He, along with his son Trinh Can, counterattacked with the Nguyen’s army to regain Bac Ha in 1660.

• Dinh Vuong – Trinh Can (1682 – 1709) : in 1682 Trinh Tac died, his son Trinh Can took over. His time in power can be said to be the most prosperous period in Tonkin.

• An Do Vuong – Trinh Cuong (1709 – 1729) : Trinh Can died in 1709, because his son and grandson were both lost, so Trinh Cuong must have taken over. He succeeded in the context of a peaceful, prosperous country, without any war. He soon proved to be a mature and devoted man when he took over the inheritance of his ancestors and further consolidated his rule in Tonkin.

• Uy Nam Vuong – Trinh Giang (1729 – 1740) : In 1740 Trinh Cuong suddenly died, his son was crowned Prince Trinh Giang. Giang is a cowardly person who is passionate about pleasure, causing dissatisfaction among the courtiers, wars and rebellions everywhere, and politics in Bac Ha shakes violently. Once, Trinh Giang was struck by lightning and nearly died. Since then, suffering from “precious” disease, panicking, had to build Thuong Tri palace underground to live.

• Minh Do Vuong – Trinh Doanh (1740 – 1767) : In 1740, the courtiers joined forces to establish Trinh Doanh, Trinh Gianh’s younger brother, as a lord, ie Minh Do Vuong. From a young age, he soon showed himself as a talented writer and martial artist. When he ascended the throne, he immediately corrected what Trinh Giang had done wrong, such as abolishing King Le Duy Phuong, establishing King Le Duy Tuong, and suppressing peasant uprisings in Dang Ngoai.

• Tinh Do Vuong – Trinh Sam (1767 – 1782) : In 1767, Trinh Doanh died. Since childhood, Sam was brought up very carefully, so when he grew up, he was a talented martial artist, tough, intelligent and decisive. He was also the first and only lord in Dang Ngoai to capture the Thuan Hoa area of ​​Nguyen lords in Dang Trong. But after winning the battle, he appeared arrogant and conceited.

• Do Vuong Palace – Trinh Can (2 months in 1782) : In 1767, Trinh Sam died, his son Trinh Can was young or sick instead.

• Doan Nam Vuong – Trinh Khai (1782 – 1786) : after Trinh Sam’s death, Trinh Khai was the eldest son who wanted to usurp the throne, so he instigated the arrogant soldiers in the Three Palaces to rebel, dethroning Can and establishing Khai to take the throne. At this time, Bac Ha fell into rebellion and looted everywhere.

• An Do Vuong – Trinh Bong (1787 – 1788) : In 1786, the Tay Son insurgent army led by Nguyen Hue attacked Bac Ha. Trinh Khai’s army resisted weakly and was defeated. In order to save the inheritance of the Trinh dynasty, Trinh Bong is Trinh Khai’s cousin, gathering old generals to plot big things. But after many failed attempts, he gave up the throne, chose a monastic life, and then escaped from his life. He was the last Trinh King in Vietnamese history. VIETNAM HISTORY

Nguyen Lords in Cochinchina 

• King Sai Vuong – Nguyen Phuc Nguyen (1613 – 1635) : he was the 6th son of Lord Tien Nguyen Hoang – who had openly explored and expanded his territory in the South. He was a man of military, political and diplomatic talents. During his rule, he tried to build an independent and self-reliant country, completely separate from Dang Ngoai. He was also the person who twice defeated the attack of Lord Trinh in Tonkin. He is also known as Lord Sai (Sai ​​King), or Lord Buddha (Buddha King).VIETNAM HISTORY

• Thuong Vuong – Nguyen Phuc Lan (1635 – 1648) : in 1635 Sai Vuong died, the second son, Nguyen Phuc Lan, took over. He is also called the Upper Lord (Upper King).VIETNAM HISTORY

• Hien Vuong – Nguyen Phuc Tan (1648 – 1687) : In 1648, Thuong Vuong died suddenly during a war with Tonkin. Nguyen Phuc Tan is the son to replace. He was the first and only lord in Cochinchina to take the initiative to let his troops cross the Gianh River to attack Dang Ngoai and capture Nam Ha. After a period of struggle with the Trinh army, in 1672 the two sides officially stopped fighting, taking the Gianh River as the border.VIETNAM HISTORY

• Nghia Vuong – Nguyen Phuc Thai (1687 – 1691) : In 1687 Hien Vuong died, his son Nguyen Phuc Thai took over. Phuc Thai is famous for being a benevolent, generous, and talented lord. He used sages, mitigated punishments and taxes, making hundreds of them happy, so folk called him Lord Nghia (Nghia Vuong).VIETNAM HISTORY

• Minh Vuong – Nguyen Phuc Chu (1691 – 1725) : In 1691, Nghia Vuong died, his son Nguyen Phuc Chu took over. He was a gentle and talented lord, so folk called him Lord Minh (Minh Vuong or King Minh Vuong). Following his predecessor’s karma, he expanded his territory to the South as far as Ha Tien. He was also a man who respected gods, liked straight words, abandoned luxury, reduced taxes, and imprisoned.VIETNAM HISTORY

• Ninh Vuong – Nguyen Phuc Thu (1725 – 1738) : In 1725 Nghia Vuong died, his eldest son Nguyen Phuc Thu took over the throne. Thu has been a talented martial artist since childhood.

• Vo Vuong – Nguyen Phuc Khoat (1738 – 1765) : In 1738, the King of Ninh died, the eldest son was Nguyen Phuc Khoat. He was intelligent, firm, decisive and sometimes cruel. He was a man with great merit in the South advance and obtained a lot of fertile land such as: Tan An, Go Cong, Soc Trang, Tra Vinh, Chau Doc, Sa Det. Folks often call him Lord Vo (Vuong Vuong).

• Dinh Vuong – Nguyen Phuc Thuan (1765 – 1777) : in 1765, Martial King died, the right god Truong Phuc Loan took all power. Phuc Loan dethroned the throne of Nguyen Phuc Luan and brought Nguyen Phuc Thuan, who was still a child at that time, to replace him. At this time, the Tay Son uprising rose up with Lord Trinh in Dang Ngoai to capture Thuan Hoa and move to the South. He was the last lord of the Nguyen Dynasty in Cochinchina during this warring Trinh-Nguyen period. Folks call him Lord Dinh (Dinh Vuong). VIETNAM HISTORY

Tay Son House 

In 1771, the Tay Son brothers waved the flag of rebellion in Cochinchina. In 1778, they won the victory.

• Thai Duc (1778 – 1788) : In 1771, Nguyen Nhac and his two younger brothers, Nguyen Hue and Nguyen Lu, rebelled in Tay Son hamlet. In 1788, the uprising succeeded, Nguyen Nhac proclaimed himself Thai Duc Emperor and founded the Tay Son Dynasty.

• Quang Trung (1788 – 1792): The descendant of Lord Nguyen, Nguyen Phuc Anh – son of Nguyen Phuc Luan, still wanted to regain the inheritance of the Nguyen lords, so after escaping, he asked the Siamese king to bring troops to fight the Tay Son dynasty in 1784. Early in the year In 1785, Nguyen Hue ambushed troops at Rach Gam – Xoai Mut to defeat the Siam – Nguyen alliance. In 1786, without his brother’s order, Nguyen Nhac, Nguyen Hue arbitrarily brought troops to fight Bac Ha and overthrew the Trinh family in Dang Ngoai. At this time, a conflict arose between the Tay Son brothers. In 1788, Le Chieu Thong “carried a snake and bit a chicken” and ran to ask for help from the Thanh army at night 29,000 troops to occupy Thang Long. Then, with his outstanding military talent, Quang Trung led the Tay Son army to defeat 29,000 Qing invaders.

• Canh Thinh (1793 – 1802) : In 1792, Emperor Quang Trung suddenly died leaving many unfulfilled ambitions, his second son Nguyen Quang Toan ascended the throne, ie Canh Thinh. At this time, the internal affairs of the court were in turmoil, and foreign disasters were always lurking. In 1793, Nguyen Anh led his army to attack Quy Nhon, Nguyen Nhac asked for help from Canh Thinh. Canh Thinh brought troops to fight Nguyen Anh and took Quy Nhon, causing Nguyen Nhac to resent that he died. From here, the country unified again and opened a new dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in Vietnamese history – the Nguyen Dynasty. VIETNAM HISTORY

Nguyen Dynasty – The period of independence and autonomy (1802 – 1883) 

• Gia Long (1802 – 1820): in 1777 Nguyen Anh was a descendant of Lord Nguyen in Dang Trong who escaped from the pursuit of Tay Son troops. He lived in exile in Siam for a while. With the help of Siam and France, in 1802 Nguyen Anh concentrated his forces to capture Nam Ha, then defeated the Tay Son Dynasty to establish the Nguyen Dynasty, which unified the vast Giang San from the South to the North. He ascended the throne, ie Gia Long, named the country Vietnam. There are many opposing views about the person Nguyen Anh – Gia Long, but objectively, he is a man of great energy and merit to unify the country after 3 centuries of division. Although he used to rely on foreign countries such as Siam, France, but he is a person with a very high sense of national autonomy. However, he was also a cruel person when he destroyed the tomb of the Tay Son dynasty and killed the founding god of the country because of trivial things.

• Minh Mang (1820 – 1840) : In 1820, King Gia Long died of a serious illness, his son Nguyen Phuc Dam took over, is Minh Mang. Under him, the country became prosperous and powerful with the largest territory in the history of Vietnam. He also had the ambition to turn Vietnam into a great power, so he named the country Dai Nam.

• Thieu Tri (1841 – 1847) : At the end of 1820, King Minh Mang died, his eldest son Nguyen Phuc Mien Tong took over, ie Thieu Tri. He was a person who diligently took care of the country, but was not active, so he only applied what existed in the time of Minh Mang without any notable reforms.

• Tu Duc (1847 – 1883) : In 1847, King Thieu Tri died, his second son Nguyen Phuc Hong Nham ascended the throne. He was a good and diligent king, but like other emperors, he was a Confucianist, backward, conservative and old-fashioned compared to his contemporaries. The time he ruled the country had many events. Our country fell into the hands of foreign invaders. VIETNAM HISTORY

Nguyen Dynasty – French colonial period (1883-1945) 

• Duc Duc (3 days, 1883) : In 1883, King Tu Duc died because he had no children, so he adopted 3 grandchildren.

• Hiep Hoa (6 months, 1883) : after the deposed Duc Duc, the two main mandarins, Ton That Thuyet and Nguyen Van Tuong, welcomed the second son of King Tu Duc, Nguyen Phuc Hong Dat, to the throne, ie Hiep Hoa.

• Kien Phuc (1883 – 1884) : after deposing Hiep Hoa, the third son of King Tu Duc, Nguyen Phuc Ung Dang, ascended the throne, ie Kien Phuc. After eight months on the throne, Kien Phuc fell seriously ill and died at the age of 15.

• Ham Nghi (1884 – 1885) : after the death of King Kien Phuc, the two main mandarins brought Kien Phuc’s younger brother, Nguyen Phuc Ung Lich, to the throne at the age of 13, ie Ham Nghi. Although he was young, he was deeply aware of the country’s pain. When the French took a loan, he appeared twice in the Can Vuong screening. He is a shining example for the nation.

• Dong Khanh (1885 – 1888) : In 1885, King Ham Nghi escaped from the court, raised the flag of the uprising, went to Can Vuong, and gathered forces to fight the French. French General De Courcy asked for the advice of Queen Mother Tu Du to establish another adopted son of King Tu Duc, Nguyen Phuc Ung Ky, to the throne, ie Dong Khanh.

• Thanh Thai (1889-1907) : In 1889, King Dong Khanh died of illness, the Ambassador of Central and Tonkin chose Nguyen Phuc Buu Lan as the son of King Duc Duc to succeed the throne, ie Thanh Thai. He was a progressive thinker who had a very high sense of nationalism, so he was unpopular with the French.

• Duy Tan (1907 – 1916) : In 1907, the French government realized that King Thanh Thai was a man of high national consciousness, so he announced that the king had a “nervous” disease and sent him into exile. As he grew older, like his father, the king became aware of the destiny of the country and the nation.

• Khai Dinh (1916 – 1925) : In 1916, the French accused King Duy Tan and sent him into exile. The French chose Nguyen Phuc Buu Dao as the eldest son of King Dong Khanh ascending the throne, ie Khai Dinh. Khai Dinh was a cowardly, cowardly person, only worried about playing, and always flattered the French, so he was very popular with the French authorities at that time.

• Bao Dai (1926-1945) : In 1925, Khai Dinh died. In 1926 Bao Dai is  crowning king. In 1945, after the August Revolution was successful, Bao Dai officially abdicated, gave the seal and silver-encrusted sword to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, officially becoming “Vinh Thuy citizen”. He was the last emperor of the feudal dynasty in Vietnamese history. VIETNAM HISTORY

Doi Moi period (1945 – present) 

• Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945-1976) : In 1945, under the leadership of Nguyen Ai Quoc, our army and people overthrew the French empire and the Japanese fascists. On September 2, 1945, President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence at Ba Dinh Square, giving birth to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam with Hanoi as the capital.

• Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976 – present) : In 1954, the DRV defeated the will of the French colonialists to invade the second time with the Dien Bien Phu victory resounding throughout the 5 continents, forcing France to sit at the table to sign the Geneva Agreement recognizing independence and sovereignty and withdrawing its troops. beginning of Indochina. In the same year, the United States replaced France in jumping into the South, establishing a puppet government of the Republic of Vietnam. After waging many wars without winning, the United States sign the Paris Agreement in 1973. In 1975, the South Vietnamese Liberation Army carried out a general offensive and rebelled in Saigon, overthrowing the government of the Republic of Vietnam and reunifying the country. In 1976, the official name of the country is the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the Labor Party of Vietnam are change to the Communist Party of Vietnam, the capital was Hanoi.VIETNAM HISTORY